1. Architectural Plans (The Foundation)

This is where the conceptual design is translated into measurable, spatial layouts.

• Site Plan: Showing the building's location on the plot, relationship to site boundaries, roads, and utilities.

• Floor Plans: The fundamental drawings showing the horizontal arrangement of spaces, rooms, walls, doors, windows, and main dimensions.

• Sections: Vertical cuts through the building showing relationships between different floors, roof structure, and changes in level.

• Basic Elevations: The exterior views showing the proposed materials, finishes, and the aesthetic appearance.

2. 3D Elevations and Visualizations (The Aesthetic Confirmation)

Once the plans are finalized, the focus shifts to the building's appearance and how it will be experienced.

• Detailed Elevations: Refined exterior views showing specific materials, textures, window/door types, and final design elements.

• 3D Renderings/Models: High-quality images or physical models used to confirm the design intent with the client and to visualize the building's massing, light, and shadow.

3. Structural Plans (The Engineering Core)

This phase integrates the structural engineering requirements with the architectural design.

• Structural Layout Plans: Showing the location and sizing of columns, beams, load-bearing walls, footings, and slabs.

• Foundation Plan: Detailed layout of the building's foundation system (footings, piles, grade beams, etc.).

• Structural Sections and Details: Drawings showing how specific structural elements connect and are reinforced (often developed by a structural engineer, but coordinated by the architect).

4. Working Drawings with Details (The Construction Manual)

This is the most comprehensive set of drawings, providing all the necessary information for the contractor to build the project. These are often grouped into sets:

• Architectural Working Drawings:

  • Fully dimensioned and annotated floor plans, sections, and elevations.

  • Reflected Ceiling Plans (RCP): Showing the layout of ceiling materials, lighting fixtures, vents, and other overhead elements.

  • Door and Window Schedules: Detailed lists specifying the type, size, material, and finish of every door and window.

• MEP Drawings (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing):

  • Plans for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning).

  • Electrical plans (power outlets, switches, light fixtures, wiring diagrams).

  • Plumbing plans (water supply, drainage, sanitary systems).

  • Note: These are typically prepared by specialist consultants, but the architect coordinates them.

• Detailed Drawings:

  • Interior Details: Custom millwork, cabinetry, staircases, built-in features, and specific wall assemblies.

  • Exterior Details: Roof eaves, parapets, flashing, waterproofing, and intricate connection points between materials.

  • Material Specifications: Written descriptions of all required building materials, products, and finishes.